The Durand Line or the Blood Line?

By: Azizullah Aziz

December 03, 2014

Kabul, Afghanistan

 

Introduction: Borders are the core and rigorous lines of a territorial split-up between one and another country. In addition, in most circumstances borders are also called entrance gates into countries. However, if these borders are open, unsecured, uncontrolled and totally unclear between two or many different countries the states and nations on both sides suffer in various illegal activities of smugglers, terrorists and many other different bad people that exist in this arena.
Unluckily, one of the most obvious unsecured borders in this region for over many decades is between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Borders between Afghanistan and Pakistan are not only open but, uncontrolled, unsecured, unsafe and disputable as well; one of the foremost border lines that have created undefended, imprecise and absolutely indiscreet spaces between Afghanistan and Pakistan is the Durand Line! (sultani, 2013).
To put it in a different way, the history is the witness of all the skirmishes, tragedies, heartbreaks, misfortunes and catastrophes because of the border uncertainty between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Many different times Afghanistan has suffered from this line in several different aspects such as regime collapses, insurgency, Al Qaeda activities, and many other radical Islamic activities.
Since the Pashtun ethnicities live on both sides, and have similarities of blood, culture, language and religious relationships, have made the Durand Line more critical, ambiguous and uncertain for the past regimes of the Afghanistan’s states and therefore they have failed in solving the issue solidly with Pakistan. (RFE/RL, 2014)
On the other hand, the nomadic tribal heads on the Pakistan side of this Line has situated a traditional legitimacy and influence over Afghan political leaders since the creation of this Line, pretending that they are and will be on the Afghanistan side of this line because of the Pashtunwali and not vice versa. Meanwhile, as a result this traditional legitimacy and influence Afghanistan had to and still has to pay financial assets to these nomadic Pakistani tribal leaders where in reality they all have one face and two sides who works for ISI of Pakistan. In a sum Afghanistan is sufferer of the Durand Line because of Pashtunwali, traditional legitimacy, and tribal heads’ influences over Afghanistan’s political system for several decades.
Thesis: Particularly, along the history and now the Durand Line has resulted in a few destructive ways for Afghanistan such as the influence of Pakistani tribal leaders over Afghan politicians, both the regional and global spying agencies have benefited either directly or indirectly and also the collapse of political regimes in Afghanistan and lastly that has ended as the blood line for Afghanistan.
Thus, the 2,640 kilometers open and long permeable border between Afghanistan and Pakistan has created a frequent, unfortified border space. The Durand Line agreement between Amir Abdur Rahman Khan and Sir Henry Mortimer Durand happened in November 12, 1893 in other words by and between the governments of Britain India and Afghanistan. The Line creates a separation of some Pushton living ethnicity lands from the Afghanistan territory. However, this agreement was drafted by the Britain Indian Army and was signed by the Amir of Afghanistan in the favor of the British Army until their presence in the region, because of the elimination of the threats from the Afghanistan borders to the Britain Empire.
Consequently, at that time there was no Pakistan existed. However, after the shameful collapse of the British Empire in the region, they decided to split the Big India into two different countries of Muslims and Hindus that resulted into an obvious massacre at that time and the new country Pakistan inherited this Line from the British Empire’s withdrawal after. Since then up to now this line has become a blood line to the Afghan citizens. (admin, 2006)
The 2,640 km border between Afghanistan and Pakistan is named after Sir Mortimer Durand the foreign secretary of then undivided British India. He negotiated this border with the King of Afghanistan at the end of 19 century the power of Afghani king had declined so he had no choice but to accept it. Fast forward to 1947 India – Pakistan gain independence but Afghans refused to recognize Durand Line as the international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. In 1947 at the United Nations general assembly meeting Afghanistan even casted vote against the admission of Pakistan to the United Nations.
In mid last decade a top US diplomat said that Durand Line constitutes the international border between Afghanistan and Pakistan, which has annoyed the government of Afghanistan under the presidency of Hamid Karzai. Issued a decree “Durand Line between Pakistan and Afghanistan does not have any legitimacy we reject the statement made by USA.” In response to this statement Pakistan also made a statement through media “The Durand line between Afghanistan and Pakistan is a closed and settled issue, hence we do not bother.”
Cautiously, the United States because of gaining support of Pakistan during the cold war sided with them on the issue of the Durand Line, where in reality they could play a vital and fundamental role between Afghanistan and Pakistan because of their military influence in the region. Along and with the cooperation of the NATO forces, but, unfortunately they did not keep their impartiality at all. However, after above controversy the United States declared once again after a while “Our policy on this (Durand Line) has not changed).” India on the other hand has been really quite and silent, although, this silence is widely interpreted as supporting Pakistan’s position in this regard.
With regard to the Durand Line or the blood line the question has not yet formally reached the United Nations. Otherwise the United Nations could play a major role in settling the disputes between Afghanistan and Pakistan, in a very peaceful environment, or based on a soft diplomacy. India ‘s stand on the Durand Line may be worthwhile for India to signal that they do not necessarily recognize the Durand Line why because to this date the relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan are characterized by rivalry, suspicion and resentment. The primary cause of this hostility rests in the Durand line agreement.
India can use it as a facilitator to more deepen friendship with Afghanistan by taking their side on the Durand Line issue. But Indian foreign policy prefers to stay away from all political risks,
Very unlikely Baluchistan is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. It is the largest province by area but smallest by population. On August 11, 1947 the British acceded control of Baluchistan to the king of Baluchistan, Mohammad Ali Jinnah tried to persuade the Baluch king to join Pakistan but the Baluch parliament refused it. So the Pakistani Army invaded Baluchistan in 1948 and took control of everything, they also tried to do same thing in Kashmir during 1947 but could not succeed because of the direct intervention and influence of the India.
Anyways, later on the Baluch people started independence movements against Pakistan rule leading to insurgency armed struggle which it is still going on, and every once in a while Pakistan accuses Indian agency RAW for supporting those Baluch rebels. The question arises here that how does Baluchistan issue connects with the Durand Line?
Particularly, if there is a strong, sovereign and self-confident government in Afghanistan with high capacity and high autonomy following things can happen, the Afghanistan government takes very assertive and aggressive stance just like China over Tibet issue.
The Afghan armed forces may launch some campaign to reclaim the territory the Afghan intelligence service may start funding and training Baluch insurgents to create more trouble for Pakistan just like ISI that creates trouble for India and Afghanistan.
Therefore, Pakistan wants a weak, destabilized, puppet government in Afghanistan to prevent above nightmares from happening. That is why ISI has been providing shelters for the members of Al-Qaeda, Mujahidin and Taliban in Baluchistan area. It serves two purposes one Taliban commits acts of terrorism within Afghanistan keeps the governments of Kabul engaged with its domestic quandary, difficulties and the media influence.
Two Baluch rebels and Taliban are belonging to two separate ethnic groups hence; presence of Taliban in the region assures that they keep infighting to dominate the region. Lastly, Pakistan calmly enjoys the benefits from the international community, regional community and at the same time leads its core strategic aims in a way that really wants it.
As a result, within the competition, and rivalries of India, Pakistan and Baluchistan, Afghanistan is being a victim everyday over hundreds of Afghans civilians loses their lives because of hidden clashes between RAW of India and ISI of Pakistan in Afghanistan. One of the most obvious rivalries of Pakistan’s government is the built of a port at Gwader in Baluchistan coast with the help of Chinese engineering expertise.
Gwader project is trouble for India because of the following reasons, one, around one third of world’s oil supply comes through the Strait of Hormuz. Gwadar is located only 180 nautical miles from the Strait of Hormuz this port would enable Pakistan to take control over the world energy jugular and destroy Indian tankers in case of war.
Two earlier all Pakistani navy ships were concentrated at Karachi port and Indian navy could easily attack them and block Pakistani trade. But now with Gwadar port Pakistani navy can further spread out its ships, thus, preventing Indian navy from destroying all assets at once. Gwadar port is 450 km further away from Indian border than Karachi port. Meanwhile, the Baluch rebels are conflicting Gwadar port they say Gwadar port has not lead to any economic development in the region. All the port jobs are given to the migrants from Punjab and Sindh province there have been reports of rebels attacking Chinese engineers and workers and Pakistan claiming that RAW had hand in it.
Now the Gwadar port is a part of string of pearls strategy of Chinese as well where they have got a hold of strategic ports in Gwadar, Bangladesh, Srilanka, Burma, Thailand, Cambodia and South China Sea etc. On a world map these ports form a string of pearls that may form as Chinese Line of defense to control oil movements.
Although, China has always denied that Gwadar will never be used by Chinese military, publicly China has always called it a civilian port of Pakistan. But in reality it is a defense Line created based on rivalries between Pakistan and India, which, indirectly China can use it for war purposes in the region as well.
As result of this vast and politically apparent competitions India barely built another port 72 km away from Gwadar port, the Chabahar port in Iran territory. The Chabahar port has also eliminated all the fear of Iranian about the Gwadar port that Pakistan will take all the businesses away from them. Therefore, the competition between the Pakistan and India created the opportunity for Iran to benefit freely from this opportunity because India directly helped building this port using the Indian engineers. On one hand to have an alternative for connecting with Afghanistan and on the other hand with the central Asia, because this route can give the shortest distance to India using Afghanistan’s territory through Delaram Zaranj to connect with central Asia and Europe. And also it could be a counter balance to Chinese influence in Gwadar.
However, the Durand Line is a cancer spot for Afghanistan under the control of the Pakistan’s military government that uses it as a very simple, unique and easily accessible blood line spot to increase the amount of pain on Afghanistan side and keep the country enough busy so one hand the government of Afghanistan does not find time to think about the Baluchistan and on the other hand do not even think about the strategic relationship with India or even other countries in the region.
Now the questions arises here that Afghanistan has been burning in its own fire by its own people “Pashtuns” who claims the full and sole sovereignty of this poor country. Based on my own personal analysis I do not see any other solution for this part except the international community’ direct intervention in regard to solving the issue of the Durand Line. Either totally gives it to Pakistan or Afghanistan etc. In other words, the government of Afghanistan needs to take this issue in its very best priority and solve this issue through the soft mediations of the international community’s presence in Afghanistan. Otherwise this Line can lead to the collapse of the Afghanistan’s government again as it did in 1990s. And as a result of this Line the whole other economical, social, political developments of the country will be engaged within the same problems that have been through the history.
Afghanistan really needs and deserves to designate, block and put barricades by all its borders with surrounded countries by neighbors in the region. Because the analysis show the whole destruction to this community comes from abroad and, therefore, we really need to physically take serous steps in this regard. Then we can easily and peacefully continue our strategic developments in many different aspects of the life. Afghanistan also needs to find alternatives for the import from other countries beyond Pakistan so that could create an economical pressure’s button on the Pakistan side. Such as the linkage or re integration of the Silk Road with central Asia, that was famed for its core connecting the central Asia and China to Europe with numerous process of globalization.
In conclusion, Afghanistan has been suffered and is still suffering from its undecided, open and unsafe borders especially the Durand Line and it really needs the help of the international community and the United Nations to resolve this dispute with the government of Pakistan and re designate clearly all its borders with the territory of Pakistan and also Afghanistan needs to find alternatives for its imports from abroad instead of Pakistan.
Whatever, developments that Afghanistan will receive either from the direct help of the international community or the indirect help of the regional or international community will be only feasible and Permanent for Afghanistan only if the surrounding walls of this war torn country becomes stable and controlled instead of uncontrolled. Especially the Durand Line issue should and must be solved with the military government of Pakistan.

Bibliography
admin, b. (2006, Jan 04). Durand Line Agreement. http://storyofpakistan.com/durand-line-agreement/ , 1.
RFE/RL, B. (2014, December 03). http://www.rferl.org/content/border-durand-line-afghanistan-pakistan-fighting/24977795.html. (B. o. Reuters, Ed.) Afghan, Pakistani Troops Clash Again At Disputed Border , 1.
sultani, M. y. (2013, May 07). http://theafghanistanexpress.com/border-clashes-and-the-history-of-durand-line/. The Afghanistan Express Daily , 1.

Durand Line Agreement November 12, 1893

Agreement between Amir Abdur Rahman Khan, G. C. S. I., and Sir Henry
Mortimer Durand, K. C. I. E., C. S. I.
Whereas certain questions have arisen regarding the frontier of Afghanistan on the side
of India, and whereas both His Highness the Amir and the Government of India are
desirous of settling these questions by friendly understanding, and of fixing the limit of
their respective spheres of influence, so that for the future there may be no difference of
opinion on the subject between the allied Governments, it is hereby agreed as follows:
1. The eastern and southern frontier of his Highness’s dominions, from Wakhan to
the Persian border, shall follow the line shown in the map attached to this
agreement.

2. The Government of India will at no time exercise interference in the territories
lying beyond this line on the side of Afghanistan, and His Highness the Amir will
at no time exercise interference in the territories lying beyond this line on the side
of India.

3. The British Government thus agrees to His Highness the Amir retaining Asmar
and the valley above it, as far as Chanak. His Highness agrees, on the other hand,
that he will at no time exercise interference in Swat, Bajaur, or Chitral, including
the Arnawai or Bashgal valley. The British Government also agrees to leave to
His Highness the Birmal tract as shown in the detailed map already given to his
Highness, who relinquishes his claim to the rest of the Waziri country and
Dawar. His Highness also relinquishes his claim to Chageh.

4. The frontier line will hereafter be laid down in detail and demarcated, wherever
this may be practicable and desirable, by joint British and Afghan commissioners,
whose object will be to arrive by mutual understanding at a boundary which shall
adhere with the greatest possible exactness to the line shown in the map attached
to this agreement, having due regard to the existing local rights of villages
adjoining the frontier.

5. With reference to the question of Chaman, the Amir withdraws his objection to
the new British cantonment and concedes to the British Governmeni the rights
purchased by him in the Sirkai Tilerai water. At this part of the frontier the line
will be drawn as follows:
From the crest of the Khwaja Amran range near the Psha Kotal, which remains
in British territory, the line will run in such a direction as to leave Murgha
Chaman and the Sharobo spring to Afghanistan, and to pass half-way between
the New Chaman Fort and the Afghan outpost known locally as Lashkar Dand.
The line will then pass half-way between the railway station and the hill known as
the Mian Baldak, and, turning south-wards, will rejoin the Khwaja Amran range,
leaving the Gwasha Post in British territory, and the road to Shorawak to the

ای هموطنم امنیت زندگی تو به دست چه کسانی

ای هموطنم امنیت زندگی تو به دست چه کسانی

در کابل و سایر نقاط افغانستان مردم مظلوم و بیچاره ما صبح خود را به صدای انفجار و انتهار آغاز میکنند و شام خود را به صدای انفجار و گلوله باری ختم میکنند. که از نتیجه آن به صد ها کشته و زخمی بجا می مانند – 2 حمله انتحاری و زد خورد در یک شبانه روز بیشتر از 10 انفجار در یک هفته.

نمی دانم که مسئولین امنیتی ما در رده های بالا گوش و چشم ندارند یا همان قصه کلخ را ماندن از آب تیر شدن است.

مسئولین امنیتی که باید به یک حرکت واحد و یک روحیه ملی و در تفاهم یا تشریک مساعی مرز های کشور را ببندند ویا هم لا اقل مرزها یا درواز ه های که به داخل شهر راه دارند را ببندند اما دیده میشود که متاسفانه تحت رهبری عالی جنابان کابل یک چهره خشن نظامی بخود گرفته است که امنیت روحی و روانی مردم را خود دولت نیز تهدید نموده.

مزرهای باز افغانستان و راه های غیر رسمی یا سرکهای بدون قیر به شهر کابل و سایر شهر ها بیداد میکنند اما مسئولین بدبختانه نه میبینند و نه میشنوند وصرف اینرا خوب میدانند که روز مره چطور مردم بی گناه و بی دفاع خود را توسط تلاشی های دروغین خود اذیت و آزار کنند و یا هم حسادت موترهای آنها را بکنند.

حقیقت مردم ما و دنیا

 توسط: عزیز الله عزیز 

17 جولای 2014

امروز اکثریت روانشاسان داکتر صاحبان تحلیل گران سیاسیون و حطا بعضی از نخبه گان افغانستان در صحبت های خود خطاب میکنند  که اکثریت مردم افغانستان به امراض روانی گوناگونی مبتلا هستند و دلائیل آنرا هم فقر بی چاره گی و چهار دهه جنگ در افغانستان میدانند.

 به حر حال !  من برعکس دید گاهای شان  فکر میکنم نه تنها اگثریت مردم افغانستان بلکه اکثریت مردم جهان به این به امراض گوناگون روانی مبتلا هستند ودلائیل منطقی در پی این ادعا زیاد است ولی صرف میخواهم که بصورت عمده و خلاصه به چند نکته اساسی و عمومی توجه شمارا جلب کنم.

یک – تمام مردم در کره خاکی زمین زندگی میکنند که گاهی و ناگاهی توجه شان به مرگ جلب میشود.

دوم – تمام مردم روز مره در امور زندگی شان گاه گاه پنهانی همراه وجدان خود در جنگ درونی هستند.

سوم – اکثریت مردم دنیا با تروریسم در جنگ هستند.

چهارم – اگثریت مردم دنیا با تبعیض جنسگرائی ویا هم خشونت علیه زنان یا اطفال در مبارزه هستند.

پنجم – تمام مردم دنیا با امراض درونی ژنیتیک که در وجود آنها زاده شده است بکشل پنهانی در درون وجود خود در مبارزه هستند.

ششم –  مردم دربعضی از گوشه های دنیا بدون گناه یا کدام موجب  به قتل میرسند که خود زاده تشویش درونی و روانی است.

هفتم –  اکثریت مردم با تمام پیش گوئی های مطبوعات که به نشر میرسانند مشوش میشوند.

هشتم – در بعضی از گوشه های دنیا قتل عام  به صورت علنی انجام میگیرد که نمونه آن فلسطین میباشد.

1. بلآخره از همین رو است که من فکر میکنم نه تنها اکثریت مردم افغانستان بلکه اکثریت مردم در امتداد این کره خاکی یعنی جهان فانی از درون وجود خود نا آرام – به هراس – تحت فشار – قهر و غضب هستند. که در نتیجه میتوان ادعا کرد که تمامی آن فکت های مذکور به مرور زمان مبدل به امراض روحی و روانی میگردد.

هموطنم

بیا ای هموطن ای برادر دست اتفاق و اتحاد را باهم به بندیم این  خانه مشترک خویش را که قلب آسیاه نامیده شده آباد و شگوفان سازیم و به هیچ اهریمن اجازه ندهیم تا دیگر به سرنوشت مابازی کنند خانه و کاشانه مارا آتش زنند و مارا بار دیگر به گوشه های دنیا مهاجر سازند

History Repeats Afghans Never Learn!!

Afghanistan is a tribal country and lack of a united, Identified, and accepted nation in this country has always led the country to a chaos  over decades. Hence, Majority of the people in this country have never thought outside the box. As a result, the people of Afghanistan are still suffering from political situation in this country on the other hand the world super powers have always enjoyed their interests in the region from the situation in Afghanistan.

The people of Afghanistan will never and ever enjoy from a peaceful, stable, and an outgrowth economy unless they create a united, identified and acceptable nation among them selves.

Generation of a  united, identified, and acceptable nation in Afghanistan is possible only when the tribal heads are eliminated. Because, the tribal heads in Afghanistan based on the history and now have been spying for other countries in the region and further in the world. as a result of all that the young and educated generations of Afghanistan have never and ever received the chance to lead the country to its main route which is humanity, peace, stability, and further education.

 

Azizullah AzizMay 25, 2013 Warlord MediaMedia in Afghanistan is

Azizullah Aziz

May 25, 2013

 

Warlord Media

Media in Afghanistan is under pro warlord government official’s influence. And this causes the country turn to a chaos. The only way of desiring to release this from ex warlord’s influence is the Afghan youths! Unfortunately most of the youths do not know their rights, and responsibilities because of the influence caused during the last four decades by ex warlords in the government the youths have been isolated from learning. Consequently, the only possibility to awaken the youths is when the social media tools are accessible to people.

 

Kabul, Afghanistan – Journalists threatened, disrespected, and warned by Afghan warlords say media used as a secondary weapon and influenced by warlords in many segments in Afghanistan during the last decade and now.

throughout a few interviews with Journalists recently threatened, disrespected, offended and warned in Kabul province of Afghanistan reveals an Afghan based reality and discovers an inventory of ferocious realities and an outline of abuses by the Afghan pro warlord government officials, who work shoulder to shoulder with international community regardless of, international community‘s declaration that the freedom of speech is respected and the rights of the people is protected.

The international community repeatedly helps the Afghan pro warlord government officials in varieties of social segments for the purpose of protections of the peoples’ rights, justices, security and motivation of people to precisely participate in building their country and saving it from insurgent’s brutalities. In spite of, the international community’s trust that the “media” freedom of speech is protected, warlords, abuse journalists and influence media directly and indirectly pressuring the Ministry of Culture and Information. By taking the opportunity of their positions in government, the Afghan pro warlord government officials also steal, most of the financial aids. “Journalists explained.”

SadeqTorabzoy, a privileged freelance Journalist, said he was jailed, tortured and embarrassed for writing news articles about everyday unfair and injustices activities of the Afghan pro -warlord government officials for six days at NDS department in mid July 2012. And when his family came to visit him, were not allowed to visit him vice versa, they were treated worse than animals, he said. The soldiers at national department of security told me “swear and promise in written form that you will not repeat such writings or we will kill you.” Torabzoy said.

                        The freelance journalist said he is released, from the blessing of the international community’s presence in Afghanistan; otherwise, he would be killed by warlords long ago.

Some other Journalists who didn’t want to mention their names say warlords knowingly impose themselves as national heroes of Afghanistan throughout their influence over media. Journalists add, most of them own TV channels,

           

An Afghan     police officer aims his weapon at two photographers covering pre-election     violence in Kabul. (AFP/Pedro Ugarte)(Dietz, 2010)

Newspapers, and even electric –

 

outlets, and by the use of this opportunity they insist, inflict and force journalists to write clothed, attired, well-mannered, honorable, suitable, and wholesome articles about them and failure to do so results of firing journalists from their positions.

A couple of those journalists jailed indirectly by warlords, said. Warlords want to sanitize their robberies, kidnappings, and their involvement in the devastation of the country, through their personal owned media channels and instead get the heroic nicknames of Jihadi for saving their country from terrorism.

Although media has rapidly grown in private sectors since the collapse of Taliban regime but still is witness of dictatorship and sacrificed over warlords’ unethical influence in varieties of segments, restrictions, censorship and probation of the freedom of speech, MujeebLehaz a Journalist at Zhowandon TV said. “Most of the pro warlord government officials have stolen thousands of meters of national property inside and outside the capital, as a journalist I made a report and broadcasted through Zhowandon TV, a program called people and authorities, right after the broadcast I have had guns pointed into my face and got warned that my family and I will be killed if I don’t stop broadcasting such reports.” Lehaz added.

Nonetheless, whether directly or indirectly the media has been under the influence of warlords during the last decade and now, they have been much more dangerous to media than Taliban or the insurgents, according to Abidullah Ehsas a news reporter for SHAMSHAD TV “most of the broadcasts of news or any other reports that contains something about the unfair warlords daily’s  activities of corruption miss use of their powers and break of rules and regulations is prohibited, because they have found a really decent defensive address “the ministry of culture and information.” Furthermore, the ministry of culture and information in Afghanistan has been the only responsible source of media who issues the license for private sector of media and controls the activities of media based on the Islamic and Afghani rules and regulations for many years in the history of Afghanistan, that means anything that contradicts with Islamic rules and regulations or Afghani cultures is forbidden. Unfortunately, that source has been also under the influence of warlords.

According to different reports by Nai an NGO meaning flute, is an essential figurative channel for media and tracks violence both –

 

           

Fixer: The Taking of Naqshbandi(MPS, 2009)

Against media and journalists with its media watch data, states, in last 11 years journalists have been highly threatened and targeted as army soldiers by different instances of kidnappings, killings and death threats.

 

Although most of the warlords refuse all the allegations against them, one of their spokesperson who didn’t want to mention his name, said, “all the warlords know what they are doing is in contradiction with the constitution of Afghanistan, but, this is Afghanistan if they don’t create such a situation, the journalists will barely make them naked like a chicken with no features and that is when the people of Afghanistan will expel these warlords by rocks and sticks, not only from their positions but, from this country. Therefore, as we have an Afghani Slang no stick no politeness.”

Mass Media (Medium) is source/ sources of communication channels such as televisions, radios, newspapers and magazines through which people get information about various activities of day-to-day businesses and the outcome of it leads the society to social changes such as education, politics, economics, entertainments and many other social activities that concerns people in societies. Hence, the people or beats involved in the media channels are ethically impartial because that is the only way of trust and support of social integrity – which is an inner sense of keeping one’s impartiality. Furthermore, that is how most of the people compare and contrast good versus bad or fact verses fiction. And that is when social professional active groups of people act based on the information and awareness they get from media for their further improvements of businesses in their Societies. Unfortunately, in Afghanistan this is not
the same. In Afghanistan most of the media channels are under the control and influence of warlords and the other some which are impartial are not accessible to the people due to the financial issues.

           

 

 

Because of various issues people do not have access to some of the real impartial media channels such as lack of electricity, insecurity, not enough support of media in most of the provinces in Afghanistan due to the financial issues. However, according to the reports from different foreign channels 65 percent of the Afghanistan population is the Adults this accountability of population is as bulk because Afghanistan does not have clear or standard population accountability yet. And this 65 percent of adults are either lacking education, busy with their intermediate hopeless activities, or some don’t know what their social responsibilities in their society are? Or even some are under the guidance and influence of the political parties (warlords) that uses them by different psychological ideologies such as religious, tribal, racism, or language. A familiarized example of those group adults will be those working with Taliban, that group of ignorant Afghan adults have been brain washed by some regional and global intelligence organizations, since the Red Army of USSR’s Invasion and that group of people are used by the reason of Afghanistan is invaded! there are infidels, killing of any local who is working for Government and any foreigners, Military or Nongovernmental Organizations is a pride for them because they are told if they kill one of them they will            

Afghan     Media Freedom Under Threat: CPJ (Junbesh, 2012)

be GHAZIs a local term which means an Islamic defensive hero in doomsday – (end of the world) and if he gets killed by foreigners he will be a SHAHEED a local term which means martyrs. Whereas, according to real Islamic believes

 

 

SHAHEED is a person who gets killed innocently, he will be straightly gone to paradise and in the doomsday he can take 7 members of his family with him to the paradise even if they are sinful as long as the SHAHEED vouch for them. The other radicalism or ignorant part in their brain washed minds is that even if a person is Muslim, but, if he is a foreigner they call him infidel! The illiteracy and ignorance or lack of awareness causes massive destruction to Afghanistan and to its international colleagues. On the other hand the only source “Media” which should lead people from ignorance to Social Change and prosperity is also under the control and influence of some political parties that are dramatically affected in destroying the credibility and reliability of media by their powers and excessive laundry washed money. As an obvious example in Afghanistan would be more than 40 TV –

 

Channels, radios, and news agencies, who are straightly working for their ethnic groups, languages, cultures and their favorite warlord leaders, Whereas, in journalism ethically that is unacceptable as (JONATHAN DONLEY) says “For a journalist, a conflict of interest occurs when he has a connection to the story subject or issue that might influence how he writes the story, or might cause people to distrust the writer or the news organization”. That means the journalists must totally keep their impartiality based on any story writing or presenting any news story.
            However, Afghanistan is a rich and beautiful country with an impressive            

3D Animation of Social Networking. (View, 2012)

history of thousands of years. But, because of less care and less social professional participation of the adults or advancement of social media which is the basis for social change especially the young generation in last three to four decades the country with all its beauty has burned in imposed fires.

 

 

 Corruption non-transparent elections, kidnappings, lack of people s’ awareness from their rights and many other issues are  as a result of all those different crucial segments everyday lives, with their beautiful homeland gives sacrifices, whether financially, reputational, or to their life costs. Therefore, this essay is developed as mixture of narration, argument and analytical based on the past realities, experiences, facts and some details in order to awaken the young generation s’ minds in Afghanistan from the bottomless sleep which as a result of their calmness they give sacrifices every day in many aspects of their lives. And also this writing may re mind them about their social professional participation in professional social media which is the mother of social changes, such as fight for your rights criticize as a whole on many issues like gender based violations, immoral or unaccepted conducts of the corrupted leaders, parliament, government or any other violated branches in Afghan society which affect the society entirely. In addition, this writing will remind the Afghan adults that from the blessing of the international community they have the opportunity of freedom of speech to express their voices and be part of the professional social changes educationally, politically, and economically and in many other aspects which concerns the society.

            Based on the 2012 researches in many universities around the world it is obvious that 3 quarters or 73 percent of the adults in developed countries not only are involved in social changes but they also take it as a personal professional responsibility because the rapid advancement and growth of social channels such as Twitter, Facebook, Tumbler, Scoop.it and many others has had dramatic effects on people’s personal professional lives, therefore, adults have been empowered to advance social changes in education, politics, and economic issues which affects their society in many phases. As an example, we can say the Arab Spring was one of the adults’ social acts and perceive of responsibility for their society. However, in less developed countries which the coverage of electricity is not enough in all the provinces such as Afghanistan, limited access to social media channels have caused lack of adults awareness from their rights and also this issue causes the lack of adults gatherings, which plays a very important role in a society, for example by social gatherings adults can share their minds, ideas, and information in many different outlooks or concerns in their societies,  educationally, politically, economically or religiously.

 

           

Kunar Afghanistan,1985(Ansar1, 2009)

 Consequently, the outcome of those gatherings can play a really important and positive role on brightening the minds of those adults who are getting used negatively against Afghanistan and their international colleagues. Moreover, the less participation of adults in social changes, has led the country to a chaos, which is burning in fire the last four decades. The only solution to this ambiguity is that the adults needs to be awaken from this bottomless sleep through the impartiality of media and advancement of social media, in order to lead them into social changes by educating and understanding their rights and also taking active parts in political, economical or social issues, such as comparing the past with the current, evaluation of the income and outcome of every single issue and finally that will lead them into solutions. With all that in mind the last decade totally turned a new page into Afghanistan’s history and this page could led the country into its real destination of humanity, stability, and overall peace and prosperity, but, unfortunately, the international community has committed an unforgivable crime by giving the full and sole political power into the hands of a specific group of warlords who are ignorant, illiterate, corrupted and thirsty of political power, who only cares about their personal benefits than national benefits. The international community didn’t learn from the collapse of the communist regime before 1992 when the last Russian backed president Dr. Najibullah announced the national reconciliation after the withdrawal of the Red Army for these warlords and all the other revolutionary parties who were destroying the country for the reason of “Jihad” an Islamic term when Islam is in danger from any type of people religiously than Jihad is legitimate to fight, kill, even if someone loses his whole family, property, leave or any other things in the process of Jihad does not matter Allah – (God) will compensate him in doomsday. The only thing that matters for mujahidin – (the people involved in Jihad) is to save Islam and defeat the enemies of Allah.

 

In Afghanistan because of the full ignorance of illiteracy Islam has been misused in other words Islam has been used into the interest of some foreign intelligence organizations regionally and globally for their strategic goals because neither do than and nor do now there is such a prove to declare Afghans couldn’t/ can’t meet the worship of their Allah or people couldn’t/ can’t go to the mosques, to put it differently, neither do than and nor do now Islam is in danger. In addition, to the national reconciliation during the regime of Dr. Najibullah when Jihad was over or the Red Army left Afghanistan, this country had an Army that none of the regional countries had! such as, half million soldiers, seven hundred Russian fighter Jets, many Helicopters, more than four thousand Armor Tanks and many other military equipment and also most of the country’s infrastructure sources were active where people had jobs. The one and only purpose of the national reconciliation at that time was that everyone from any party whom the name “Afghan” is refer to could come and join the government by the free votes and independent elections. But, these warlords didn’t accept to join the national reconciliation and as a result of their fight continuation they did not only destroy the whole country but also created another group of mujahidin named Taliban against themselves.

           

Taliban Police hitting     Afghan Women in Kabul.(Glick, 2011)

            Because in every single spot of the country there were killings, kidnapping, gang bangs, robberies, night raids into civilians houses, rapes and many other crucial things. As a result of all those different hateful actions of the warlords who named themselves mujahidin or the fighters against the Russian intervention, another group of strict youngsters under the leadership of Mullah Mohammad Omer started from Pakistan’s Islamic religious Madrasas and fought against these warlords, as result they cleaned 95 percent of Afghanistan out of the warlords within very less time because all the people were tired of all those crucially conducts of warlords and instead welcomed the Taliban with a warmly embrace, at first people loved the Taliban because their dictatorship regime brought in action the enforcement of the law, peace, stability, and totally all the crucially conducts came down by once like when water drops on fire. Later on when the Taliban started bothering people, such as, grow beards, go to the mosques five times a day, don’t walk with your wife closely or hand to hand outside of your house, cover the women when coming outside, listening to the music is prohibited and many other personal disturbances, people started hating them. And finally, today the misuse of Islam or lack of literacy people are even blowing themselves up for the false purpose of saving Islam which is totally radicalism and a new trick of the regional and global intelligence organizations. The only solution to end this radicalism in Afghanistan would be the advancement of mass media,

 

 

I think The enforcement of law can release the media from the influence of warlords that is not easy to enforce law in my opinion it is the responsibility of the youths to put law into force and by caring for their future they can do it. As we have learned several useful skills in digital media literacy course the use of those skills in most cases can play a positive role in the process of awaking, and understanding people from what Islam is, what is their rights and what a good Muslim is supposed to do for others or how someone as Muslim should be part of social changes. In conclusion using the tools of digital media in a campaign all over Afghanistan would save the country from destruction that have caused by warlords.

 

Works Cited

“Fixer”, H. D. (2009, August 12). The Taking of Ajmal Naqshbandi. Retrieved from http://www.zinbio.com/photos/Ian=

An Afghan police officer aims his weapon at two photographers covering pre-election violence in Kabul. . (2009). Retrieved from http://cpj.org/attacks/2010/

Ansar1. (2009). Ansar Al-Mujahidin. Retrieved from http://www.ansar1.info/showthread.php?t=10606

Dietz, B. (2010). Retrieved from Committee to Protect Journalists: http://cpj.org/attacks/2010/

Glick, C. (2011). Retrieved from CarolineGlick.com: http://www.carolineglick.com/e/2011/04/obamas-altruistic-foreign-poli.php?pf=yes

Herold, P. M. (n.d.). Rawa News. Retrieved from http://www.rawa.org/temp/runews/2009/06/12/obamas-afghan-war-the-us-media-and-the-united-nations-the-new-metric-of-civilian-casualties.html

JONATHAN DONLEYCOMMUNITY JOURNALISM 101: WHAT IS A CONFLICT OF INTEREST? 1

Junbesh. (2012). Junbesh.net. Retrieved from http://www.junbesh.net/English/?p=106

MPS. (2009). Movie Poster Shop. Retrieved from http://www.moviepostershop.com/fixer-the-taking-of-ajmal-naqshbandi-movie-poster-2009

View, O. (2012). Open View Partner. Retrieved from http://blog.openviewpartners.com/leveraging-employee-social-networks-talent-acquisition/

 

By: Azizullah Aziz.

Afghanistan Education (2001-2013)The three decades of war has

Afghanistan Education (2001-2013)

The three decades of war has entirely deteriorated the whole infrastructure of education which had negative impact on our society.  During the Taliban era, education was very limited to religious studies. Girls were banned from school, boys were limited to religious studies and adults were unable to pursue their higher education inside the country. This was a misery to our people, parents were desperate to hire private tutor in their homes to make sure their kids are educated well. Fortunately, the regime fall through the invasion of the United States and replaced with a democratic and peaceful government which opened the doors of better education to boys, girls and even elders in the country.  Later, the government of Afghanistan has introduced education reform (a political process with the goal of improving public education) to lay the foundation for standard education system in terms of literacy and development through the technical and financial support of International donor community to build a unified, modern and democratic educational institutions in the country. There were 7000 schools back in 2003, 27000 teachers and 4.2 million boys and girls were attending to go back to school and now that number has sevenfold in 2013 which is a sign of social progress in our society in terms of education.

By mid 2006, more than five million male and female students joined schools all over Afghanistan and at the same time school services improved with modern style facilities. The American University of Afghanistan (AUAF) in Kabul was established in 2006. Other universities were also rebuilt, such as Nangarhar University and Khost University in the east, Herat University in the west, Kandahar University in the south, and Balkh University in the north. Despite mentioned achievements, there were also considerable barriers to education process in Afghanistan, for instance lack of funding to MoE and MoHE, because a significant amount of budget is needed for extra schools, planning curriculum and school programs.

 

Afghanistan is going through a nationwide rebuilding process, and despite some setbacks due to the ongoing Taliban insurgency. However, the Education sector is improving on a gradually basis. For example, modern high public and private schools have emerged across the country. These institutions have persuaded boys and girls to join and pursue their education in a better system. Despite of technical and financial constraints the system have been growing quick and laid the foundation for social system in the country. New educational institutions are established all across the country and more students being enrolled.

By 2012 there were more than 8.2 million students attending schools in Afghanistan. From 2001 to 2012, school enrolment increased from one million to more than eight million students with the proportion of girls from almost zero to 37%. The figure of teachers in school has increased from 27000 to 165,000 and about 31% are women, but most of them were with low qualification. And also from 2003 to now over 45,000 school buildings have been rehabilitated or newly constructed.

There are also some constraints and challenges toward educational development system in Afghanistan that has to be taken care of in near future. Otherwise, the current phenomena will annihilate the current foundation of our education and the most serious challenges are violence against students and teacher, lack of qualified teachers, problems in curriculum, and child labor.

On the one hand, Afghanistan is considered an ineffective, inefficient and volatile region for boys and girls going to school. In 2008, its estimated that over 600 ambushes happened on our educational institution which prevented majority of boys, girls and teachers going to school. Throughout the history, this is unprecedented numbers that have been killed. On the other hand, our education system lack qualified teachers, lack university degree and just have completed secondary and post secondary studies and have been teaching in the field which has undermined the capacity of our education.  According to MOE, 80% of the country’s 165,000 teachers holding a high school diploma or did not complete their post secondary studies.

After the fall of Taliban regime, under the joint efforts of Afghan and international education experts,  a comprehensive and modern curriculum has been developed that included new books and other necessary material. However, the challenges are still on the ground in terms of standard method of teaching particularly curriculum has been remained a huge dilemma for the education sector. According to UNICEF 2007 report, more than half of Afghan population are under the age of 18 and relatively one forth of Afghan children are between the ages of 7 and 14  that are presently involved of child labor in order to be bread winner for their families. This has undermined the children to perpetuate their preliminary education.

 To conclude, Afghanistan is war torn country that has undergone high illiteracy, misery and particularly been under-developed which has underestimated the capacity of the state domestically, regionally and globally. Afghans have not received the opportunities to educate their children for the 3 decades due to turbulence, civil war and on going fighting between the state and non state actor which has destroyed basic infrastructure of education. This has process has become a huge constraints and challenge to the state to focus on the development of the state. Therefore, I urge the state and non state actors to come together to form coalition government and work for the welfare of the people. And build our educational system in order to have peace, development and prosperity in our country.   

By: Ahmad Sawiz

May, 11 2013

BUSH Failures

Media Analysis

Media Analysis

Media (Medium) is source/ sources of communication channels throw which people are informed about various activities of day to day businesses such as economically, politically, educationally, entertain – mentally and many other social activities that concerns people in societies as a whole. Hence, the people or beats involved in the media channels are ethically impartial because that is the only way of trust and maintain of social integrity – which is an inner sense of keeping one’s impartiality. Furthermore, that is how most of the people compare and contrast good verses bad or fact verses fiction. In this incredible world, for more than thousands of years people have been fighting and killing each other for facts verses fiction religiously or politically.   Whereas, nothing is clear nor proved about this huge convoy of human beings coming and going! or who is right and wrong yet. In contrast, the only source “social media” has been leading people from ignorance to social change and prosperity, in this incredible world. But, there are still some political parties that are dramatically affected in destroying the credibility and reliability of media throw their powers and numerous laundry washed money. Media, which is the only reliable, credible source of social change in this world; unfortunately, in some parts of this world it is sacrificed and is under the control of some political parties such as in Afghanistan, Media is under the influence of warlords. As an obvious example in Afghanistan would be the political debates shows on TOLO TV.

As a young and social activist of Afghans I watch and analyze most of the debates shows on various TVs in Afghanistan. As an illustration, the KanKash debate show on Tolo TV broadcasts every night at 09:00 o’clock for 45 minutes to an hour, during each of those debates shows three to four political analysts from opposition party of the current government are the participants, meanwhile,  the language they speak with is Dari and because of the sexiest exaggerations and numerous critical discussions by its correspondents against the current government of Afghanistan the debate show is in a mainstream spot, or people’s daily controversy. In fact, the debate show is not in the interest/ advantage of Afghan community, simultaneously, the debate plays a negative role of leading the social media into a huge devastation such as Incredibility, unreliability and also it brings the impartiality of media under a general controversy. Because, in reality journalists do not take sides and nor do they fabricate or add their personal opinions during those debates. Likewise, to keep the reliability, credibility of social media alive and let people trust on social media, ethically, journalists should keep their impartiality in any discussions. Likewise, most of the Tolo TV correspondents/ reporters in such debates barely take sides as mentioned above which has really bad effects on Journalistic ethics, Instantly, most of the people in Afghanistan are illiterate up to the present time and lack social information based on fiction, fabrication, racism, and many other thoughts which are imposed games of what is wrong or right religiously, socially or politically. Identically, by hearing all those conspiracies against the current government people goes blindly and accept whatever someone tells them. According to the last three decades experience it was those “warlords” who destroyed the manufacturers of this beautiful country because of fighting for power between them for reaching to the chair of presidential palace.  As brief example the Jangalak factory, where it had the Job opportunity for more than two thousand laborers or the seven hundred Russian Jets where no one had in the region and more than four thousand Tanks of the previous Army.

With all that in mind, the audience for the Kankash debate is all those Afghan males and females who has the right to vote, because those warlords are still dreaming the presidential palace of Afghanistan, this story is written as a young Afghan who has lost the beautiful times of his life “childhood” in the wars and during all the devastations that have been brought by those warlords into Afghanistan. Basically what we see, hear, or read from the elements of this debate show (kankash) on Tolo TV is not in overall social interest/ benefit of the Afghan community, it may be in the interest of those families or those category people who have been feeding their families in the circumstances of crucially destruction, but, not in the benefit of the entire Afghanistan, who wishes a stable, independent, peaceful, and well reputed Afghanistan in this world. Also this production of Tolo TV is assumed to people as it is based on the social media ethics which in reality is not because we can critically understand from the debate of the show that it is made only to the interest of warlords.

Furthermore, the purpose of this debate is to criticize against the current government and find an ignorance space between the Karzai administration and the people of Afghanistan which as result of that lead the country to a chaos, as they did before and after the withdrawal of the Soviet Union Army from Afghanistan against the regime of Dr. Najibullah “the former president of Afghanistan”. Things that are not shown or addressed during this show is realities, the last ten years achievements of the international community such as Electricity, Roads, Police, Army, Universities, Schools, girls going to school and many other beneficial accomplishments that has occurred during the current government by the help of the international community,

Indeed, we accept all the weaknesses in those different sectors of the government, but, it is not easy it takes time, Afghanistan started from beginner like a baby infant who learns how to crawl and talk. Henceforth, the overall broadcast of Kankash and many other political debate shows in Afghanistan are under the influence of warlords, which now from the blessing of the 2004 constitutions they have got new names for it “political parties” or the Oppositions. In conclusion social Media is not practiced in Afghanistan as it is expected, in contrast, it has negative roles on Afghan Society and only powerful parties benefit from Media in Afghanistan. We can only lead the Media to its real Job in Afghanistan only when we succeed in awakening the young generations’ minds by learning knowledge and informing every man and woman from their rights